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“水錘效應”（Water hammer effect ) 

是指當(dāng)打開的閥門突(tū)然關閉，由于壓(ya)力水流的慣性(xing)，産生水流沖擊(ji)波，并産生破壞(huai)作用，這就是水(shui)利學當中的“水錘效應”，也就是正水(shuǐ)錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反，關(guān)閉的閥門在突(tū)然打開後，也會(hui)産生水錘，叫♋負(fu)水錘，也有一定(dìng)的破壞力，但沒(mei)有前者大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效應就好(hao)像是追尾，最前(qián)面的車突然停(ting)車了，為後面的(de)車未及時發現(xian)，從而造成了連(lián)環追尾事故，緻(zhi)使最前面的車(che)破壞嚴重。水錘(chui)效應就是與這(zhè)個類似。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常，在閥門(mén)接近關閉時閉(bi)合元件突然吸(xī)入閥座，稱為溶(róng)缸閉鎖效應。

溶缸閉鎖效(xiào)應是由低推力(lì)執行機構所造(zào)成的，該✊執行機(ji)構沒♌有足夠的(de)推力以保持在(zài)接近閥座的位(wei)置，導緻🈲泵的📱突(tū)然關閉或閥門(mén)的突然關閉，從(cong)而産生水錘效(xiào)應。對于控制閥(fa)，在📞某些情況下(xia)，快開型流量特(te)性的閥門也能(néng)導緻水錘效應(yīng)。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.   

雖然水錘(chui)産生很大的噪(zao)音，但真正的損(sǔn)害是由機械失(shi)效造成的。因為(wéi)由動能急劇地(dì)變化成靜态的(de)管線壓力，水錘(chui)會沖破管線或(huo)損傷管子支架(jia)和損害管線接(jiē)頭。對于閥門🤟，水(shuǐ)錘能夠通過閥(fá)芯産生嚴重振(zhen)動，它可能導緻(zhi)閥芯、墊片或填(tián)料的失效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對于閥門，防止水錘的辦(ban)法是防止(zhi)系統任何突然(ran)的壓力變化。

For valve,the way to prevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.  

包括放慢閥(fá)門本身的關閉(bì)速度或當閉合(he)元件接🈚近閥座(zuò)🙇🏻時提供較大程(cheng)度的拉力和剛(gang)性。為防止壓力(li)波動，閥☀️門應以(yi)均勻變🧡動的速(sù)度進行關閉。在(zai)某‼️些情況⛱️下，當(dāng)使用快開特性(xìng)，可以要求改變(bian)為等百分比特(tè)性。對于在接近(jìn)閥座時必須節(jie)流的控制閥，應(ying)當使用輸出推(tuī)力足夠大的執(zhi)行機構，如活塞(sāi)式☀️氣動執行機(jī)構或液壓執行(hang)機構，或在手動(dòng)旋轉的🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼操作器(qì)的♊行程套管上(shang)設置特殊缺口(kou)，将減少或防止(zhǐ)溶缸閉鎖效應(yīng)。在🈲管線系統上(shàng)設置某🎯種類型(xíng)的防波動措施(shi)也能減少水錘(chui)。可‼️使用壓力洩(xiè)放閥或緩沖桶(tǒng)完成。此外氣體(ti)可🌈被注入系統(tǒng)内，氣體的注🐇入(ru)能減少流體的(de)密度并提供某(mou)些壓縮性以處(chù)理💃任何突然的(de)波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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